Almost Break!!

In Class:

• Handed in our homework from last night (the online web worksheet)
• Learn about mutations
• Review for the test on DNA/RNA

Homework:

• STUDY FOR THE TEST TOMORROW!
• TRIBUNE ARTICLE DUE!!

Review:

DNA

• double helix structure
• Nucleotides-subunits of DNA
• made up of sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

Four Types of Bases:

Adenine (A)

Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

Guanine (G)

PURINES:

• Two rings
• (G) (A)

PYRIMIDINES:

• One ring
• (T) (C)

Base Pairing: Only (A) pairs with together with a (T) while every (C) pairs together with a (G)

DNA REPLICATION

• takes place during S-phase of interphase
• 2 copies of DNA needed for mitosis
• PROKARYOTES: one replication fork
• EUKARYOTES: more than one replication fork
• Histones: proteins which DNA is wrapped around

DNA VS. RNA

DNA:

• deoxyribose
• thymine
• molecules stay in nucleus
• double stranded

RNA:

• ribose
• uracil
• molecules travel through cytoplasm
• single stranded
• three types (messenger, ribosomal, transfer)

Transcription:

• one strand of DNA serves as template for making RNA
• occurs in nucleus

Translation:

• mRNA attaches to a ribosome
• each tRNA carries one amino acid
• anticodon = on tRNA
• codon = on mRNA
• amino acids bond together forming a polypeptide chain
• long polypeptide chains make a protein
• 

MUTATIONS

• can be beneficial or harmful
• may lead to cancer or genetic disorders
• may result in a new positive trai

types of mutations:

deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

GOOD LUCK EVERYONE!! : )

The next scribe is JCLOUD ;)