Test Review!

For the test you can study off your objectives list but, here is some general terms and information you need to know for the test...

People: Jean Baptiste de Lemark- first to recognize organism change. He had 3 key assumptions:

1. Desire to Change



2. Law of Use and Disuse



3. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Charles Darwin- Credited for theory of evolution. He sailed on The Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands. There he observed tortoises, iguanas and finches. The islands had different climates and vegetation and the animals were similar but, had noticeable differences. He published Origin of Species in 1858.
Terms:
Fitness- How well a organism survives and reproduces in its environment Adaption- Hertiable characteristics that increase fitness

Darwin's theory was accepted and he was correct, not Lemark. Darwin's theory are supported but these 4 key things:

1. Homologous Structures- Structures in organism similar but, in different species



2. Vestigal Structures- Inherited structures but now have no function



3. Biochemical Similarities- Amino acid and hystamine sequence similar



4. Similarities in embryos- The embryos of fertilized eggs look similar at the beginning of reproduction

Speciation: Species: A group of organism that interbreed to produce fertile offspring under normal conditions. These organisms change in 3 ways:

1. Gradualism- Change in species is slow and steady



2. Punctuated Equilibrium- Long periods of stability followed by short periods of rapid change



3. Genetic Drift- Random chance
   

Isolation Mechanisms: Allow new species to form. -Reproductive isolation is the separation of a population. It needs to occur. The organism do not interbreed and gene pools become separate. There are 3 main types:

1. Behavioral- Have different courtship rituals



2. Geographical- Separated geographically



3. Temporal- When species reproduce at different times
   

Ancient Earth: Miller- Urey Experiment: Reproduced conditions of ancient earth. Exp: Electric sparks stimulated lightning and showed how Amino Acids formed.

• Photosynthesis: Gave rise to atmosphere with oxygen



• Aerobic Respiration: Cellular Respiration (Production of ATP) that requires oxygen



• Sexual Reproduction: Cells from 2 parents unite to form the cell of a new organism
  

Fossils: Preserved remain and traces of organisms that are ancient

• Paleontologist: Scientist who study fossils



• Radioactive Dating: Used to estimate age of fossils



• Sedimentary Rock: When sediments build up out of sands, mud and clays either in desert or bottom of body of water



• Half-Life: amount of time it takes for half radioactive atoms to decay

Primates: Animals with following characteristics:

• Binocular Vision- Ability to merge visual images from both eyes


• Prehensile: Long tails that can tightly coil around a tree branch (Only some primates)


• Developed Brains


• Long fingers and toes


• Oppossable thumbs- Can grab objects and use tools


• Bipedal- Walk on 2 feet


• Hominid- Belong to group of anthropoids including humans, chimps and gorillas

Hominine Evolution:

1. Ardipithecus Ramedus "Ardi"- 4.4 Mya
2. Australopithecus Affrensis "Lucy"-3.2 Mya
3. Homo Habilis "Handy Man" - 2 Mya (Used tools and was first genus of Homo)
4. Homo Erectus "Java Man" - 1 Mya (First to use fire)
5. Homo Neanderthalensis - 200,00 years ago
6. Homo Sapien- 100,000 years ago (Humans)

You can also use your textbook to study chapters:

• 15
• 16
• 17
• 32
• 19.1
• 23.6

Make sure you look over your labs as well:

• Breakfast for Birds
• Evidence of Evolution
• Natural Selection
• Variation in Grasshopper legs
• Radioactive Dating
• Evolutionary Changes in Primates

I hope this helps! Good Luck!

Grasshoppers

Today in class we handed in UP Pages 42-47 and got 23.6- Check My Understanding stamped. Then, we took some notes on primates. Here is a summary:
What is a Primate?
A Primate has:

• Binocular Vision
• Developed Brain
• Long Fingers and Toes
• Rotating Shoulders

What Makes Us Human?
- Characteristics of the Hominine Family

• Bipedal
• Opposable Thumps
• Larger Brains

Hominine Evolution

• Ardipithecus Ramedus "Ardi"-4.4 Mya
• Australopithecus Afrensis "Lucy" - 3.2 Mya
• Homo Habilis "Handy Man" - 2 Mya (Used tools, First genus of homo)
• Homo Erectus "Java Man"-1 Mya (First to use fire)
• Homoneanderthalensis - 200,000 years ago
• Homo Sapien (Modern Human)- 100,000 years ago

Chimps are our closest relative, we did NOT evolve from them.
The last thing we did in class was The Variation in Grasshoppers Lab. We had to measure the lengths of adult size femurs and find the average size.
Homework:
Study for Test- Friday
TV Ad - February 28
The next scribe will be Hannah!

Blizzard Tuesday

(February 2, 2011)

Homework:

1. Read Chapter 19 no strategy needed
2. Finish lab 38
3. Due Flow map on 19.3

Notes:

We took notes on Tuesday and here are my notes:

• Homologous structures-the organisms don't have to use the structure the same way but the structure looks very similar. One way I remember what Homologous structure is the start to homologous-homo which means similar or same
• Analogous structures-same function but different structure ,but if put in the same environment natural selection would probably make the structure the same. My hint for this is Analogous structure reminds me of the word analogies and an analogy is like an Analogous structure.
• Vestigial structures-structures that exist in an organisms but serve no purpose.
• Comparative Embryology- a comparison between embryos. My clue to remember this is Embryology contains embryo and that what it involves.
• Molecular biology-finds similarities in amino acids and DNA and RNA

On Tuesday we went over the notes above and then we started the lab that we have for homework.

Our next scribe will be David

Interesting Lab Thursday =]

Bio Day Tomorrow!! Meet in auditorium!
Agenda:
-Hand in UP 4-8
-Natural Selection Lab UP17-19

Homework:
-Read Chapter 16.4 in textbook and fill in the green worksheet due Monday
*You won't be able to find every term in the glossary. So you will need to read the chapter and the write the definition in your own words.
-To get a homework pass you must meet with Mrs.Stein by Tuesday
-The TV ad due 2/28
*We will spend class time researching on Monday
*You can look on UP 2
-UP 17-19(the natural selection lab)

So today we started the period by turning in UP 4-8. Then we looked on UP 12 and 13 to practice our knowledge on Darwin and Lamark. Afterwards, we got into our lab groups and started the natural selection lab (UP 17-19). In this activity two people would work on using a hole puncher to punch out 10 holes out of every piece of construction paper. There were 10 pieces of construction paper and each one was a different color. Therefore there were 100 little circles once we were done. We put the little circles onto a brightly colored cloth. Then there were two predators. The predators would pick 40 circles each, but randomly. Then we would count how many of each color circles were left. For example, you could have 7 reds, 3 blues, 5 green, and 5 yellow. Then we would take each number, multiply it by four then add that number. For example, you had 3 blues. So you would do 3x4=12. Then you would do 12+3=15. That would be the number of circles you would have for the next round. Overall you would do three rounds. If you used your class time wisely you should only have to finish answering some of the questions.

So hope you enjoy tomorrow's bio day!!!

Nick is our Scribe for tomorrow!

Fun Lab Wednesday

Agenda:

·        Hand in double bubble map

·        Finish discussing Darwin

·        Breakfast for the Birds (UP 4-8)

Homework:

·        Finish UP 4-8- tomorrow

·        HW pass- Tuesday

·        TV ad- 2/28

As bailey said yesterday the TV ad is about raising taxes to protect and endangered species that you get to choose. You have to make a TV commercial either defending or going against it. There are a few requirements, which are the following:

1.      Be persuasive

2.      Must have scientific info

3.      Keep the audience amused with jokes or something or pull at their hearts like the sad dog commercials

4.      Be creative

5.      At least 2 minutes

6.      Show your awesome faces!

Today in class we started off by continuing our notes on Darwin who as most of us no is credited for the theory of evolution.

Darwin’s Assumptions:

·        Overproduction

Ø  More offspring are produced than will survive

·        Struggle for existence

Ø  Predation and competition

·        Survival of the fittest (Natural selection)

Ø  Individuals best suited for the environment will survive, reproduce, and pass on traits to their offspring

·        Variations

Ø  Differences among members of the same species

·        Descent with Modification

Ø  Principle that species change but descend from common ancestors

For the rest of class after we finished our notes, we started an awesome lab that you should have been there for. You either got pliers, forceps, a slotted spoon, or a staple remover and you went around to different stations to try to pick things up. This showed how some birds are better than eating some things other than what that bird is eating. To find out more about the lab go to pages 4-8 in your UP. Overall this was a great class, the best of the week!!!!!

Our next scribe will be Emma B.

1.24.10

Sorry I forgot to post this yesterday!!!!

Agenda

-Grades & New Seats

-New Unit!

-notecard demo

-video

Homework

-Get a homework pass from Mrs. Stein. You have until next Monday.

-Read 16.1-16.3 (pages 450-464)

-with a double bubble map "Darwin vs. Lamark" ~~~ due Wednesday

In class, we played a game that was like the game telephone except instead of whispering to the person next to you, you showed them a drawing. Slowly, the drawings built up to a fish. However, the last person's drawing did not end up looking much like a fish at all!

We played this game to demonstrate evolution. The game taught us that gradually things change over time.

At the end of class we began watching a video with Alan Alda. In the video, we see how Alan retraces Darwin's footsteps through the Galapagos Islands.

EVOLUTION brainstorm:

*Evolution ~ change over time

*"We evolved from monkeys" ~ NOT TRUE! But we are similar to monkeys.

*Common ancestor ~ the "link" between humans and apes

*Evolution is a theory, not a fact

*There is evidence to support evolution

-fossils

-genetic makeup (human genes are only 2% different from the genes of an ape)

*Charles Darwin ~ credited with the Theory of Evolution