Test Review!

For the test you can study off your objectives list but, here is some general terms and information you need to know for the test...

People: Jean Baptiste de Lemark- first to recognize organism change. He had 3 key assumptions:

1. Desire to Change



2. Law of Use and Disuse



3. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Charles Darwin- Credited for theory of evolution. He sailed on The Beagle in 1831 to the Galapagos Islands. There he observed tortoises, iguanas and finches. The islands had different climates and vegetation and the animals were similar but, had noticeable differences. He published Origin of Species in 1858.
Terms:
Fitness- How well a organism survives and reproduces in its environment Adaption- Hertiable characteristics that increase fitness

Darwin's theory was accepted and he was correct, not Lemark. Darwin's theory are supported but these 4 key things:

1. Homologous Structures- Structures in organism similar but, in different species



2. Vestigal Structures- Inherited structures but now have no function



3. Biochemical Similarities- Amino acid and hystamine sequence similar



4. Similarities in embryos- The embryos of fertilized eggs look similar at the beginning of reproduction

Speciation: Species: A group of organism that interbreed to produce fertile offspring under normal conditions. These organisms change in 3 ways:

1. Gradualism- Change in species is slow and steady



2. Punctuated Equilibrium- Long periods of stability followed by short periods of rapid change



3. Genetic Drift- Random chance
   

Isolation Mechanisms: Allow new species to form. -Reproductive isolation is the separation of a population. It needs to occur. The organism do not interbreed and gene pools become separate. There are 3 main types:

1. Behavioral- Have different courtship rituals



2. Geographical- Separated geographically



3. Temporal- When species reproduce at different times
   

Ancient Earth: Miller- Urey Experiment: Reproduced conditions of ancient earth. Exp: Electric sparks stimulated lightning and showed how Amino Acids formed.

• Photosynthesis: Gave rise to atmosphere with oxygen



• Aerobic Respiration: Cellular Respiration (Production of ATP) that requires oxygen



• Sexual Reproduction: Cells from 2 parents unite to form the cell of a new organism
  

Fossils: Preserved remain and traces of organisms that are ancient

• Paleontologist: Scientist who study fossils



• Radioactive Dating: Used to estimate age of fossils



• Sedimentary Rock: When sediments build up out of sands, mud and clays either in desert or bottom of body of water



• Half-Life: amount of time it takes for half radioactive atoms to decay

Primates: Animals with following characteristics:

• Binocular Vision- Ability to merge visual images from both eyes


• Prehensile: Long tails that can tightly coil around a tree branch (Only some primates)


• Developed Brains


• Long fingers and toes


• Oppossable thumbs- Can grab objects and use tools


• Bipedal- Walk on 2 feet


• Hominid- Belong to group of anthropoids including humans, chimps and gorillas

Hominine Evolution:

1. Ardipithecus Ramedus "Ardi"- 4.4 Mya
2. Australopithecus Affrensis "Lucy"-3.2 Mya
3. Homo Habilis "Handy Man" - 2 Mya (Used tools and was first genus of Homo)
4. Homo Erectus "Java Man" - 1 Mya (First to use fire)
5. Homo Neanderthalensis - 200,00 years ago
6. Homo Sapien- 100,000 years ago (Humans)

You can also use your textbook to study chapters:

• 15
• 16
• 17
• 32
• 19.1
• 23.6

Make sure you look over your labs as well:

• Breakfast for Birds
• Evidence of Evolution
• Natural Selection
• Variation in Grasshopper legs
• Radioactive Dating
• Evolutionary Changes in Primates

I hope this helps! Good Luck!

Grasshoppers

Today in class we handed in UP Pages 42-47 and got 23.6- Check My Understanding stamped. Then, we took some notes on primates. Here is a summary:
What is a Primate?
A Primate has:

• Binocular Vision
• Developed Brain
• Long Fingers and Toes
• Rotating Shoulders

What Makes Us Human?
- Characteristics of the Hominine Family

• Bipedal
• Opposable Thumps
• Larger Brains

Hominine Evolution

• Ardipithecus Ramedus "Ardi"-4.4 Mya
• Australopithecus Afrensis "Lucy" - 3.2 Mya
• Homo Habilis "Handy Man" - 2 Mya (Used tools, First genus of homo)
• Homo Erectus "Java Man"-1 Mya (First to use fire)
• Homoneanderthalensis - 200,000 years ago
• Homo Sapien (Modern Human)- 100,000 years ago

Chimps are our closest relative, we did NOT evolve from them.
The last thing we did in class was The Variation in Grasshoppers Lab. We had to measure the lengths of adult size femurs and find the average size.
Homework:
Study for Test- Friday
TV Ad - February 28
The next scribe will be Hannah!

Halloween Friday!!!

Agenda:

Disease of the Day #3

Go over homework

Bacteria Lab

Class Wrap- Up:

Today we started class by going over the disease of the day which was: influenza. We learned that it is transmitted by saliva and can't be killed the symptoms can only be treated. We also learned that we could prevent it by getting vaccinated. After, that we went over UP page 12 which was due today and discussed questions that anyone had about it. Then, we started our bacteria lab. For the lab we had to take cotton swabs and rub commonly used places to gently remove the bacteria. We then rubbed it in to the petri dish that had agar, a sterilizer on it. My group tested the new pit stairs, the boys bathroom, and the door knob in the IMC. They will be sterilized over the weekend and when we come back on Monday we will see how much bacteria there was. After that, we took a bacteria concentrated liquid and rub it on agar as well. We put 3 different antibiotics, Neomycin, Streptomycin, and Tetracycline in areas around the petri dish ad left one to be a control group. We will also check our results on Monday.

The Homework for the weekend is:

Postcard- Due on 11.8.10

20.3- With double bubble map "Viral vs. Bacterial Disease"-Due Monday

UP 13-18 - Due Tuesday

Our next scribe will be Brittany!

BP Oil Spill and How its Affecting the Tourism Industry By: Samantha and Gabby

Yay for Friday!

On Friday in class we started our new unit, Ecology and discussed what it was. It deals with the study of living things and their environment. To start our unit we went outside of school and looked at producers and consumers of nature (If you didn't finish that its homework UP pages 13-14).

We also will have a project this unit that will be on the oil spill in the gulf. You should start to think about different prospectives of it.

Our homework is to finish UP pages 13-14 from the class activity today and lab write ups are due Wednesday 9/8. We went over how to do it in class and if you still have question about it you should talk to Mrs. Stein or go to the TLC before or after school. You also need to read Section 3.1 and 3.2 with Cornell notes strategy for class on Tuesday. Look in your blue packet you got in class or on moodle if you need help with that. Don't forget to visit Mrs. Stein if you want a homework pass you last day to go is Tuesday. You can also go to the TLC for biology help and have the yellow card you got in class signed by a staff member.

Our next scribe is Samantha.