In Case You Didn't Get it....

Meiosis.. NOT Mitosis!

Welcome back gang!  Today was a first day back after a LONG Thanksgiving break.  Everyone was thrilled to be back at school... I know I was! 

Today we started talking about meiosis.  First of all, meiosis is NOT mitosis... they are quite different processes... though they make look similar the outcomes are very different. Mitosis is normal cell reproduction.  Meiosis, however, is the process that makes egg and sperm.

We spent a lot of time talking about chromosome numbers and the difference between haploid and diploid cells.  It is very important that you understand that diploid cells have HOMOLOGOUS pairs of chromosomes... in other words, two copies of each chromosome....  Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes in the same location on the chomosome, however, they may be different FORMS of the gene.... that is because one copy came from your mom and one came from your dad.

If you are confused about what happened in class today, it is ESSENTIAL for you to get it squared away ASAP because the coming stuff will confuse you more if you don't have a solid foundation. 

Below are the notes from today's class if you missed it!

11/29/10 Class Notes

View more presentations from Deb.

This always makes me laugh! Anyone wanna learn it an sing it for the class???






A good summary of meiosis...but there are others out there on youtube... find 'em! Post 'em!

Homework for tonight...
-UP 13-14 - be sure to color and annotate (ie: notes in the margins)
-READ 11.4... do either a flow map titled "Steps of Meiosis" or a double bubble map titled "Meiosis vs. Mitosis"

Next scribe is Andjela!

More Restoration Dates for Extra Credit!!!

More Dates for extra credit!  Same rules as before... take pictures there, post it to the blog... write about your experience on the blog... You may do this ONCE a semester for extra credit.  But you may go as many times as you would like... however, you can only get extra credit once a semester.

 

Saturday, December 4th: Restoration Work Day at Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie

Help the Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie's restoration team remove invasive plants to make way for native prairie grasses and forbs. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Tyner Interpretive Center, 2400 Compass Rd.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/Air-Station-Prairie-Tyner-Center/restoration-work-days.htm

 

Saturday, December 11th: Restoration Work Day at The Grove

Help The Grove restoration team remove non-native, invasive plants to make way for native wildflowers, grasses and trees. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Grove Interpretive Center, 1421 Milwaukee Ave.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/The-Grove/get-involved.htm

 

Sunday, December 12th: Restoration Day at Harms Woods

Sponsored by the North Branch Restoration Project. Activities include brush cutting, weed removal and seed collection. Please meet at the Forest Preserve Glenview Woods parking lot on the west side of Harms Rd. just south of Glenview Road; 9:00-12:00 or 1:00-4:00.

https://webmail.glenbrook225.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=f6c5a1bd8e3549a880bef69ca287cf62&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.northbranchrestoration.org%2fcalendar.html

 

Saturday, January 8th, 2011: Restoration Work Day at Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie

Help the Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie's restoration team remove invasive plants to make way for native prairie grasses and forbs. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Tyner Interpretive Center, 2400 Compass Rd.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/Air-Station-Prairie-Tyner-Center/restoration-work-days.htm

 

Saturday, January 22nd: Restoration Work Day at The Grove

Help The Grove restoration team remove non-native, invasive plants to make way for native wildflowers, grasses and trees. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Grove Interpretive Center, 1421 Milwaukee Ave.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/The-Grove/get-involved.htm

 

Saturday, January 22nd: Restoration Day at Harms Flatwoods

Sponsored by the North Branch Restoration Project. Seasonal activities include brush cutting, weed removal and seed collection. Please meet at Forest Preserve parking lot on the west side of Harms Road, directly west of Old Orchard Road where it ends on Harms Road; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.northbranchrestoration.org/calendar.html#

 

Sunday, January 30th: Restoration Day at Harms Flatwoods

Sponsored by the North Branch Restoration Project. Seasonal activities include brush cutting, weed removal and seed collection. Please meet at Forest Preserve parking lot on the west side of Harms Road, directly west of Old Orchard Road where it ends on Harms Road; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.northbranchrestoration.org/calendar.html#

 

Saturday, February 5th: Restoration Work Day at Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie

Help the Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie's restoration team remove invasive plants to make way for native prairie grasses and forbs. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Tyner Interpretive Center, 2400 Compass Rd.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/Air-Station-Prairie-Tyner-Center/restoration-work-days.htm

 

Saturday, February 19th: Restoration Work Day at The Grove

Help The Grove restoration team remove non-native, invasive plants to make way for native wildflowers, grasses and trees. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Grove Interpretive Center, 1421 Milwaukee Ave.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/The-Grove/get-involved.htm

 

Sunday, February 20th: Restoration Day at Harms Woods

Sponsored by the North Branch Restoration Project. Activities include brush cutting, weed removal and seed collection. Please meet at the Forest Preserve Glenview Woods parking lot on the west side of Harms Rd. just south of Glenview Road; 9:00-12:00 or 1:00-4:00.

https://webmail.glenbrook225.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=f6c5a1bd8e3549a880bef69ca287cf62&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.northbranchrestoration.org%2fcalendar.html

 

Sunday, March 6th: Restoration Day at Harms Flatwoods

Sponsored by the North Branch Restoration Project. Seasonal activities include brush cutting, weed removal and seed collection. Please meet at Forest Preserve parking lot on the west side of Harms Road, directly west of Old Orchard Road where it ends on Harms Road; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.northbranchrestoration.org/calendar.html#

 

Saturday, March 12th: Restoration Work Day at The Grove

Help The Grove restoration team remove non-native, invasive plants to make way for native wildflowers, grasses and trees. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Grove Interpretive Center, 1421 Milwaukee Ave.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/The-Grove/get-involved.htm

 

Saturday, March 19th: Restoration Work Day at Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie

Help the Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie's restoration team remove invasive plants to make way for native prairie grasses and forbs. Bring work gloves if you have them. Please meet at the Tyner Interpretive Center, 2400 Compass Rd.; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.glenviewparks.org/Air-Station-Prairie-Tyner-Center/restoration-work-days.htm

 

Saturday, March 26th: Restoration Day at Harms Flatwoods

Sponsored by the North Branch Restoration Project. Seasonal activities include brush cutting, weed removal and seed collection. Please meet at Forest Preserve parking lot on the west side of Harms Road, directly west of Old Orchard Road where it ends on Harms Road; 9:00-12:00.

http://www.northbranchrestoration.org/calendar.html#

 

Almost Break!!

In Class:

• Handed in our homework from last night (the online web worksheet)
• Learn about mutations
• Review for the test on DNA/RNA

Homework:

• STUDY FOR THE TEST TOMORROW!
• TRIBUNE ARTICLE DUE!!

Review:

DNA

• double helix structure
• Nucleotides-subunits of DNA
• made up of sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

Four Types of Bases:

Adenine (A)

Cytosine (C)

Thymine (T)

Guanine (G)

PURINES:

• Two rings
• (G) (A)

PYRIMIDINES:

• One ring
• (T) (C)

Base Pairing: Only (A) pairs with together with a (T) while every (C) pairs together with a (G)

DNA REPLICATION

• takes place during S-phase of interphase
• 2 copies of DNA needed for mitosis
• PROKARYOTES: one replication fork
• EUKARYOTES: more than one replication fork
• Histones: proteins which DNA is wrapped around

DNA VS. RNA

DNA:

• deoxyribose
• thymine
• molecules stay in nucleus
• double stranded

RNA:

• ribose
• uracil
• molecules travel through cytoplasm
• single stranded
• three types (messenger, ribosomal, transfer)

Transcription:

• one strand of DNA serves as template for making RNA
• occurs in nucleus

Translation:

• mRNA attaches to a ribosome
• each tRNA carries one amino acid
• anticodon = on tRNA
• codon = on mRNA
• amino acids bond together forming a polypeptide chain
• long polypeptide chains make a protein
• 

MUTATIONS

• can be beneficial or harmful
• may lead to cancer or genetic disorders
• may result in a new positive trai

types of mutations:

deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation

GOOD LUCK EVERYONE!! : )

The next scribe is JCLOUD ;)

breezy friday!

Homework:
Finish up 39-40 due: Monday
Read 13.3
Chicago Tribune 11/23
TEST 11/23

Today in class we went to the science lab to do a online class work.
The pages to the work were in the packet pages 39 to 40 and was homework if you didnt finish in class. The link to the website is found in the side in resources. Test and Tribune are due in tue and make sure to read 13.3 by Mon!


Next scribe is: Olivia

DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Practice

Check out this review link... it should help you to review for the test on Tuesday! Be sure to log in using your name.

http://www.quia.com/quiz/891796.html

Its Thursday!

Today in class we did a lab that was kind of like a fallow up on our last lab when we built the DNA. We built the DNA again then unzipped then made the other side RNA. That was to show transcription. Then we unzipped the mRNA from the DNA strand and moved it to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where translation occurs. Then we had to construct the three tRNA molecules and place three basses on it that are complementary to the first three nucleotides of the mRNA strand. The three nucleotides on the tRNA are called anti~codons. After that step we attached the amino acid to the tRNA molecule by its R~group. Then we disconnected the a.a chain from the tRNAs and the tRNAs from the mRNA and can be reused. This activity was called "Protein Synthesis Activity".

HOMEWORK:

~Finish UP 15-20 - due tomorrow

~UP27-28 - due tomorrow

~Test next tuesday the 23rd

~trib article - due tuesday the 23rd.

next scribe: nawon

Extra Credit

EXTRA CREDIT ON BLOG
Today in Biology we had a late arrival which meant that we had less time to learn about DNA and RNA.

Some Notes that we took in class were

Transcription (RNA Sythesis)

One strand of DNA serves as a template for synthesis of mRNA
Occurs in the nucleus
RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides

Then we watched a video and from the video we learned that

The first codon is always AUG
Amino acids form together to form a peptide bond
tRNA looks for another amino Acid
If you link a bunch of amino acids together then you form a protien
Ribosomes make protien

More Notes

Translation (mRNA to Protien)

mRNA attaches to a ribosome
Each tRNA carries one amino acid
Anticodon on t RNA matches with a codon on mRNA
Amino Acids bond together to forn a polypeptide chain
Long polypeptide chains make a protien

Other Notes

Anticodon-series of three bases found on tRNA
Codon-series of three bases found on mRNA

Every codon codes for 1 0f 20 amino acids

Homework
U.P. 23-26
read U.P. 15-20
Test and Tribune Article on 11/23
Due extra Credit

DNA Workshop!

Check out the DNA Workshop!  Complete the activity and email me the following:
1.  What color is the backbone of the RNA molecule?
2.  What three amino acids are formed at the end of the protein synthesis activity?

Have Fun!

RNA and DNA Tuesday

Agenda:

1. We checked in our Double Bubble maps
2. We discussed our Maps
3. Talked about the different types of RNA
4. Went to Math lab to log into our online book

The double bubble map was between the DNA and RNA . DNA and RNA are similar in the following ways: They both have long chains of Nucleotides, form using a replication fork, made up of nucleotides, sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate, form using enzymes, are nucleic acid, and have Cytosine, Adenine, and Guanine. Things that are DNA only are the sugar is Deoxyribose, has Thymine, Double stranded, stays in the Nucleus, contains the code for protein, and uses DNA polymerase as the enzyme to form. Things specific to RNA are the sugar is ribose, is single stranded, has Uracil instead of Thymine, is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, plays a major role in protein synthesis, and has three type of it Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

After we went over the Double bubble map we talked about the different type of RNA: rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA.

• rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) makes up most of ribosomes and carries instructions for making Ribosomes. rRNA is found in the Nucleolus and finally Ribosomes are very special because they are found in primitive cells so it is believed that they are one of the oldest organelles and are prehistoric.
• mRNA (Messenger RNA) carries the DNA information from the DNA in the Nucleus to the ribosome and has the amino acids put on it to form a polypeptide.
• tRNA (Transfer RNA) carries the amino acids one by one to the ribosome where it is put on the mRNA mixing it with the step before to make a polypeptide

Some other information Mrs. Stein gave us to better understand this is: an amino acid are the building blocks of protein when you link amino acids together you get a polypeptide. A polypeptide is a group of amino acids linked together. A polypeptide can also be called a baby protein because when it matures it forms Protein.

Homework:

1. Flow map on protein synthesis due Tomorrow hint: Starts which RNA synthesis on 13.1 and goes into 13.2 highly recommended you go to the online book and watch the animations and play the game
2. Test and Paper due November 23

The next scribe is David

La Clase de Biologia ;)

Agenda:

Hand in UP 7-14

Review

Genome Movie

Today in biology, we first handed in UP 7-14 (which was the homework...). The pages were coloring in DNA, and the process in which DNA replicates. The homework was also to finish the questions on the back of those worksheets, and to finish the lab.

Later, we took review notes on DNA and Chromosomes. Let me refresh you on some things.

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Nucleotides are the building blocks/ subunits of DNA

~Made of;

-Sugar [deoxyribose]

-Nitrogen Base

-Phosphate Group

Nitrogen Bases:

~Purines-- have 2 rings

-Guanine and Adenine

~Pyrimidines-- have 1 ring

-Thymine and Cytosine

Base Pairing:

-Adenine-Thymine

-Guanine-Cytosine

ATCCGTACGGGCAAATT

^ORDER CODES TO MAKE PROTEINS!!!!!

Okay now that we're done with the review... let's go to today's notes!

DNA Replication:

-Replicates during S phase of Interphase

***MITOSIS REQUIRES 2 STRANDS OF GENETIC MATERIAL!!!***

-Each strand serves as a template for the new strand

-Results in 2 identical DNA molecules

-SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION- each new molecule contains 1 old strand, and 1 new strand.

I apologize, but my computer isn't working and won't let me post pictures.

Tonight's Homework!

Tribune Article- Due 11/23

Double Bubble Map on 13.1- Due Tomorrow, Tuesday 11/16

Flow Map Titled "Protein Synthesis" on 13.2- Due Wednesday 11/17

The next scribe will be Nick.

DNA Friday

Agenda:

Star / Wish / Attendance

DNA spooling demo

DNA models - UP 11-14

-will be collected on Monday!

HW:

UP 9-10

Tribune Article 11/23

Read 12.3

First on Friday, we were assigned new lab groups. Then we used a model kit to build DNA! We had a bunch of colored tubes which represented nucleotides. Yellow represented guanine, orange showed adenine, blue was cytosine, and green was thymine. There were black pentagons that represented deoxyribose, white tubes that represented phosphate, and white rods that represented hydrogen bonds.

After we constructed our DNA, we had to demonstrate how DNA replication occurs. We began by unzipping the DNA. Then new nucleotides were added to the two strands. After DNA replication, we were left with two identical strands of DNA.

The next scribe is Ellie

DNA "unzipping" before replication

No school Thursday!!!

Our Agenda on Wednesday Was:
1. Hand in 12.2 notes/strategy
2. We got our grade reports
3. We learned about our new unit(DNA)
*Looked over the tribune article on UP 3-4
*Learned about the structure of DNA

Our Homework Was:
1. The Tribune Article (on UP 3-4) due 11/23
2. UP 7-8 (make sure to color EVERYTHING even if it doesn't have a letter) due Friday

We took some notes about DNA(deoxyribo nucleic acid) here they are:
-Nucleotides are the building blocks/subunits of DNA
.Nucleotides contain three things:
1.Sugar(deoxyribose)
2.Nitrogen Base
3.Phosphate Group(PO4)
-Nitrogen Bases:
.Purines: Guanine and andenine
.Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytozine
ATCGTACGGGCAATT is an example of an order code to make proteins.

Hope you enjoyed my post and slept in today! School tomorrow then the weekend :)

Our next scribe is Bailey

DON'T YOU JUST LOVE MONDAYS?

Before I start my fantastical blog, I would like to apologize for this late blog post.

11/08/10
Agenda:
1) Hand in UP page 32+ UP pages 37-42
2) Finish notes
3) Review Questions

We started off class by handing in our homework and we moved onto finish our notes. Mrs. Stein has lost her voice so I hope she's a bit better now. We finished up our Immune System tree map.

IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS
ALLERGIES

-Overreaction of the immune system
-Mast cells produce HISTAMINES (Chemicals which increase blood flow and fluid production [mucus, tears, etc.]).
-Signals inflammation

AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER

-Immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells
-Type 1 diabetes rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis

IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE

-AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) was 1st observed in the late 1970's
-AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
-Why is HIV so problematic?
-It evades the defenses of the immune system
-It destroys helper T-cells

HIV VIRUS - RNA VIRUS

-Uses DNA as the templates to form DNA
-These viruses are called RETROVIRUSES
-Transmission
-Blood and body fluids
-Detection of HIV - Presence of HIV Antibodies
-Effects on the body
-Helper T-cells cannot activate B-cells and T-cells
-Can't fight of disease

Homework:
1) TEST TOMORROW
1) Homework pass by Wednesday

Our next scribe is Emma

It's a Friday!!!

Agenda:
1. Take u UP 28-31 with stamp sheet
2. Star/Wish/Attendance
3. DOD #7
4. Go over UP 22-25
5. Discuss Immune System, go over UP 28-31
6. Begin homework if time

The first thing that we did was to go over the disese of the day which was Lyme Disease. The agent of disease is Bacteria. The interesting anf Important Facts are that bullseye rash appear, vector born disease (tick), treated with antibiotices, and prevented by proper clothing, and that death is rare.

The second thing we did was to go over UP 22-25. The answers are as follows...
Pg. 24
5. D
6. A,D, C
7. Antibiotic A: Monday evening
Antibiotic B: Never
Antibiotic C Thursday evening
Antibiotic D: Monday afternoon

We then took some notes. At first we used the chart that we made on Thursday, but then we went off of that and took some other notes. you can look at the last scribe (Hannah's) if want to look at the chart. The only thing that we added was that under B-cells we added antigens/antibodies. Here is the other notes that we took:
Humoral Immunity:
B- lymphocytes (B-cells) recognize antigens which are present on pathogens
B-cells produce plasma cells and memory B-cells
Plasma cells release antibodies
Memory B-cells remember the antigen so antibodies will be produced rapidly nest time

Antibodies:
Antibodies bind to antigens
Antibodies mark antigens for destruction by the macrophages
Very specific
Proteins found on the surface of the cell

Cell Mediated Immunity:
T-cells attack body cells that are cancerous or infected with viruses
Killer T-cells (cytotoxic, T subscript c) kill infected cells or foreign tissue
Help T-cells (T subscript h) signal (stimulate) killer T-cells and memory B-cells


The last thing that we did in class was the go over UP 28-31. Following are the answers to the pages.
Pg. 28:
Cell: B-cell
Function: Matures in the bone marrow and releases antibodies
Cell: Suppressor T cells
Function: Slows down or stops the activities of B-cells and other T-cells once the danger of the infection has passed
Cell: Antibody
Function: Protein that attacks antigens
-Paralyze
-Clump
-Mark for destruction
Cell: Helper T-cells
Function: Identifies foreign cells in the body. Stimulates the other cells to fight infection
Cell: T-cell
Function: Matures in the Thymous and fights infected body cells
Cell: Killer T-cells
Function: Transfers special proteins into the cell membrane of a pathogen that cause a cell to rupture and die. Involved in the rejection of transplanted tissues.
1. How does the shape of an antibody affect its functioning?
It is very specific
2. What is agglutination and what role do antibody molecules play in the process?
Agglutination is the clumping of bacteria, red blood cells, or other cells, due to the introduction of an antibody

Pg. 29:
3. What is a secondary response and which cells are involved in such a response?
If a pathogen pasts the skin, the 2nd lone steps in. Memory cells.
4.Which cells from the chart is involved in cell-mediated immunity?
T-cells
5. HIV, the virus that cause AIDS, attaches to receptors on the surfaces of a type of cells that appears in the chart. Which cell is involved in this process?
Helper T-cells

We did not have time to do our homework in class.

Homework:
Postcard- Monday
UP 32- Monday
UP 37-42- Monday
Read 35.4 by Tuesday
Test Tuesday (Look at labs, read chapters, notes, objectives in packet)

The next scribe will be Daniel A.

Immune System!

Todays Agenda:
-Got Stamps for Tree Map and UP 22-25
-Star and Wish
-DOD #7
-Begin Immune System Divisions
-"Flu Fiction"


Today in class we learned about the Disease of the Day #7 which was Pneumonia what you need to know for your chart is...
Agent of Disease: Bacteria, Fungi, and Virus
-Transmitted by casual contact (mucus and saliva)
-It is a Lung infection(inflammation of Lungs)
-treated by antibiotics

Next we worked on going over the Tree Map we completed for homework, here is a basic example of what the outline should look like, also what we covered in class.


(sorry it is a bit blurry)
Homework:
1. UP 28-31 due Friday November 5 (use your book for help!)
2. Post Card due November 8
REMEMBER:
BIO DAY TOMORROW meet in Auditorium
also Test on November 9

Our next scribe is Josh Just

Tuberculosis Tuesday!!

In Class:

First, we handed in our labs which was pages 13-18 in the unit packet. Next, we started learning about our disease of the day, which was tuberculosis. The agent of this disease is bacteria and is spread through the air. It infects the lungs and then is spread it brain, kidney, and spine. Also, there is alot of antibiotic resistance. Then, we took some notes on antibiotic resistances and how much mutation and conjugation can make bacteria resistant.

This picture shows hows the pump can shoot the antibiotic out of the bacteria and other ways bacteria can be resisted.

HOMEWORK:

Postcard- Due November 8th

Test- November 9th

Hannah is the next scribe

Malaria Monday

Today in class...

Today in class, we finished our two labs with the bacteria that we started on Friday. On Friday the lab groups went around and collected bacteria with cotton swabs. We collected 4 samples from 4 different places. Then we put the samples in a petrie dish. After the petrie dishes were in incubation for 24-48 hours we took them out and saw how much bacteria had grown on them. My lab group had a very interesting outcome.

On Friday we collected samples from the steps of the new pit, the door handle of the library, the boys' bathroom and then we had a control sample. Today when we looked at our petrie dishes we saw that the petrie dish from the stairs had the most bacteria growing on it.

We also finished the second lab that we started Friday using antibiotics. On Friday, we put peppercorn broth on the petrie dish and then we added 4 different antibiotics in different sections on the petrie dish. After incubation we saw the results today. For my group, the neomycin had the strongest impact on the bacteria.

Today we also had our Disease of the day.

Today our disease of the day was...

Malaria

-The agent of disease is protist

-transmitted by mosquito bites

-attacks the human liver

-prevented by bug repellents and reduction of standing water

Homework...

- finish UP 13-18- due tomorrow

-read section 35.2 and 1st page of 35.3 about immune systems and use the note taking skill tree maps-due Wednesday

reminders...

-postcard is due next Monday November 8

-Test next Tuesday November 9

The next scribe is Sam