Scribe List - Cycle 3

This is The Scribe List. Every possible scribe in our class is listed here. This list will be updated every day. If you see someone's name crossed off on this list then you CANNOT choose them as the scribe for the next class.


This post can be quickly accessed from the [Links] list over there on the right hand sidebar. Check here before you choose a scribe for tomorrow's class when it is your turn to do so.


IMPORTANT: Make sure you label all your Scribe Posts properly (Your Name, Unit Title, Scribe) or they will not be counted.


David                Gabby                    Julie                     Aleko
Nick                  Celia                     JoshuaJ                  Bailey                Monica
Nawon               Feaux                  Hannah                Samantha
Steven               Brittany                 JoshuaK                 Andjela
Olivia                 Lucija                   Emma                     Alan                  Ashley
Daniel                MichealL              MichealR                 Omar

The Test Review Post

To prevent me from taking too much front-page space, I have condensed the review post into two categories:

Vocab: Click Here (Takes you to a Google Docs page)

Notes (Expanded definitions, etc): Click Here

There's not much here, because most of what you need to know is on the Objectives page (p1)

The test is 17 Friday December 2010.

Good luck.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Alan Xenos

alan.xenos@gmail.com

Posted from my Desire HD

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

whoops

the next scribe is Steven C.

Terrific Tuesday!!!!!!!!!

So the agenda and home work for today was the following:
1)Take out UP 73-74, + 79 w/ stamp sheet
2)Genetic Engineering Tools
3)Video: Not so perfect match
HW
1)UP 75-78
2)Test Friday
3)Retake Quiz - Thurs


Well to sum up the notes we started out with restriction enzyme which cut a DNA segment and leaves sticky ends to place a new gene in. The plasmids are circular DNA that is found in bacteria. scientists use restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid so that a gene may be inserted and make various proteins like insulin, human growth hormone, and pest resistance in plants. And DNA finger printing is the analysis of gel electrophoresis to compare the genomes of organisms and is used in crime investigations and paternity tests.

The Year of the Zebraphant

Agenda:

1] Hand in UP 7-8

2] Discuss Quizzes and Grades

3] Genetic Engineering

Homework:

UP 73, 74 and 79 Due Tuesday

Test Friday

Quiz Retakes by Thursday

QUIZ RETAKES

If you got less than 80% on the first 15 questions on the quiz (Less than 12/15), you are eligible for a retake. See Ms. Stein for the required forms and directions.

MORE INFO ABOUT UP 73/4/9.
Due to many people in Periods 2/3 not understanding the questions / reading, this is due on TUESDAY.

GENETIC ENGINEERING

The practice of manipulating genes in DNA for practical purposes

Some common uses include:

Preventing bugs from attacking some types of plants

Slow bruising of apples and pears

BENEFITS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

Genetic engineering can prevent use of some popular hormones that are used to fatten up pigs, and produce more milk in cows. Due to the inherent risk of using such hormones, genetic modification seems to be the simplest and the healthiest option.

ISSUES WITH GENETIC ENGINEERING

In some cases, genes from completely unrelated species are introduced to others. For example,a common gene in Arctic fish is used to prevent freezing in some tomatoes. This gene is widely used, and has not caused any major problems to date, but it has been blamed for possibly raising the risk of some diseases.

THE VISUAL


NEXT SCRIBE
The next scribe is Michael R.

Quiz and Bio Days

Thursday

We handed in UP 67-71 and then took a quiz. The quiz lasted thirty minutes so if you were not here this day then you still have to take it. After we finished our quiz we had to pick a disease from the fallowing that we had either never herd of or were particularly interested in;

- Cystic Fibrosis - Marfan's Syndrome - Sickle Cell Disease

- Huntington's Disease

- Hemophilia

- Hemochromatosis

- Tay- Sachs

- Fragile X

- Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy

- Neurofibromatosis

- Down Syndrome

- PKU

(also found on page seven in our unit packet)

http://gbslibguides.glenbrook225.org/content.php?pid=166846

After we had picked our disease then we went to the web sight above and looked up our disease and answered the questions on pages seven and eight. The first link is the most helpful of them all.

Friday

Today we met in the lyceum for bio day. The movie we watched was called "Dogs". It was about how dogs descended from wolfs. It was a big mystery for a very long time. They finally had an idea where there were some breeders that only took the two calmest dogs and breeding thus driving the gene for being calm into there genetic material, creating dogs. They figured out they did this for many different things for instance they thought for creating some dogs that can run really fast in the old days only feeding the dogs that would catch food so they developed to becoming the fastest dogs yet. That was how they believed all of the different breeds of dogs came to be.

Alan is the next scribe

Homework

Read 14.3 and 15.2 while answering the questions on pages 73, 74 and 79 of your unit packet

Finish UP 7-8

Scribe List - Cycle 3

This is The Scribe List. Every possible scribe in our class is listed here. This list will be updated every day. If you see someone's name crossed off on this list then you CANNOT choose them as the scribe for the next class.


This post can be quickly accessed from the [Links] list over there on the right hand sidebar. Check here before you choose a scribe for tomorrow's class when it is your turn to do so.


IMPORTANT: Make sure you label all your Scribe Posts properly (Your Name, Unit Title, Scribe) or they will not be counted.


David                Gabby                    Julie                     Aleko
Nick                  Celia                     JoshuaJ                  Bailey                Monica
Nawon               Feaux                   Hannah              Samantha
Steven               Brittany                 JoshuaK                 Andjela
Olivia                 Lucija                   Emma                     Alan                  Ashley
Daniel                MichealL              MichealR                 Omar

Genetic Disorders and Karyotypes

In class today, we started off by getting two cookie monster stamps for the pedigree and genetic disorder problems.  We discussed how to analyze a pedigree chart to look at the inheritance of traits in families.  Remember, you need to look at the parents and the children of a given individual to try and determine the genotypes.  You cannot always determine the genotype with the information given.  For example, Question #3 on page 49... you cannot determine the genotypes of individuals E I J M N.

We then looked at a few images of karyotypes and talk about how to match chromosomes and analyze karyotypes.  Below is an image of a karyotype... do you know what genetic disorder this person has???

That's right!  Kleinfelters Syndrome!

Below are a few good links to practice analyzing Karyotypes.

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/karyotype/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/predictdisorder/


For tomorrow:
1. QUIZ!
2. Complete UP 67-71
3. Look at online karyotyping links

Next Scribe is Celia

Shortened Tuesday!

Agenda:

• Get second stamp for unit packet 39-46
• Take notes on genetic disorders
• Assign homework: Unit packet 47-52
• Assign extra practice pages in unit packet: 53-56 (**optional)

Because all the classes were shortened, we had little time to do much in class. We did notes and then had some time to continue our homework.

Notes:

Autosomal Recessive Disorders

• Tay Sachs: Degenerative nerve disease, death early
• Cystic Fibrosis: Causes mucus build up in the lungs, digestive and liver problems
• Phenylketonuria: lack of enzyme needed to break down phenyl

Auto Dominant Disorders

• Huntingtons Disease: Nervous system disease causes loss of muscle function
• Achondroplasia: A form of dwarfism

Codominant Disorders

• Sickle cell anemia- abnormal shaped RBCs don't carry o2 effectively
• H^A H^A- normal
• H^S H^S- sickle cell disease
• H^A H^S- resistant to malaria

Chromosomal Abnormalities and Nondisjunction

• Nondisjunction in meiosis results in gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers
• Most cases produce gametes that are not viable

REMEMBER: Quiz is on Thursday!

The next scribe is: Olivia Pullano

Genetic Disorders

Agenda: 

• Take out UP 40-41 w/ stampsheet
• Talk about X-linked chromosomes
• Work on UP 43-52

  Today we started off the day talking about how NASA had discovered a bacteria without phosphate in its DNA. Instead, it has arsenic, which is poisonous to us. You can find more information about this on Mrs. Stien's previous posts.

  Next we talked about X-linked chromosomes.

Multiple Alleles- Blood Types

• The "A" and "B" alleles are codominant to each other 
• The O allele is recesive

Possible phenotypes and genotypes include:

 Phenotypes                                        Genototypes

·         Type A                                    I^AI^A or I^Ai

·         Type B                                    I^BI^B or I^Bi

·         Type AB                                 I^AI^B

·         Type O                                   ii  

Blood Type Chart

Human Chromosomes

• 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes - autosomes are all of the chromosomes that aren't sex chromosomes 
• Many genetic disorders are autosomal recessive 
• Sex- linked disorders are on the X chromosome; many are recessive 

Sex-Linked Disorders

• allele is only found on the X chromosome
• more common in men; men cannot be carriers

If you're still confused and want more information, Mrs. Stein posted some videos that should be helpful.

Homework:

• Read 14.2 and go online to https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp and do the activities and the quiz for that section
• UP 43-46 (due tomorrow)
• UP 47-52 (due Wed.) 
• Quiz Thur. 

The next scribe will be Julie

On Friday we turned in our 11.3 Cornell notes and took out our UP pages 34-35 for a stamp. Then when everyone was done with writing down the homework assignments in their assignment notebooks. We went over the homework and did some practice on dihybrid cross problems for review. After that we took some notes on incomplete dominance and co-dominance.

CO-DOMINANACE:
-Both alleles are dominant and are expressed equally
- Not blended
ex: hair color in cows
Red X white= Roan ( both red and white hair)

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE:
- Alleles are neither dominant nor recessive
- two phenotypes blend together
ex: straight X curly --> wavy hair
red X white --> pink

When we were finished with taking notes we had 15 minutes remaining to start our homework pages. Most students finished the first two pages on incomplete and co-dominance.


Homework that was assigned for Monday was UP pages 39-46 and to read Ch. 14.1. If you are having troubles with any of the UP pages, watch the videos Mrs. Stein posted for some help.

THE NEXT SCRIBE IS: Monica

Sex Linked Problems

Connection between Meiosis and Mendalian Genetics

One of your classmates asked "what is the connection between meiosis and what we are doing now (ie: punnett square problems)... below is what I wrote as I explained the answer. Can you follow it?

Multiple Alleles

I hope you enjoy this one! it took me FOREVER to get it...i kept screwing up! Also, be sure to look at my post from last night!!!

Crazy News!!!!

Have you heard? Scientists are redefining what it means to be living? Do you know how? Have you heard about the new biological discovery that was announced on Dec 2nd???? If so, email me... be sure to completely explain (in your own words!) what the discovery was, the science (and genetics) behind the discovery, and WHY its sooooo very cool!!!

Dihybrid Crossing

Agenda

1) Hand in Face Lab UP 25-28

2) Quiz on 11.1 and 11.2

3) Dihybrid crosses and Probability

4) Begin Homework

Homework

1) Finish UP 33-35

2) Read 11.3 w/ Cornell Notes

-Both due tomorrow

We first took a brief quiz on sections 11.1 and 11.2 (which most people thought was pretty easy) but some people were asking, “What are Dihybrids?” And so Mrs. Stein introduced us to dihybrids but first we took some notes on probability and dihybrid crosses.

Probability Notes:

Probability

*Definition-The likelihood that a particular event will occur.

-used to predict outcomes

Expected vs. Observed

*Expected – The mathematical outcome you predict based on a Punnett Square

*Observed- The actual results

-The deviation between them (expected and observed) is smaller with a greater number of traits.

Dihybrid Crosses

-Two trait crosses uses 2 sets of alleles from both parents

-Same steps except determining parental gametes is more complex

Then we did an example on the white board.

Ex. R-Round r-wrinkled

Y- Yellow y-green

(Heterozygous for both traits) x (Homozygous recessive for both traits)

RrYy x rryy

FOIL - (First, Outside, Inside, Last)

RrYy –First-RY rryy- First-ry

-Outside- Ry -Outside-ry

-Inside- rY -Inside- ry

-Last- ry -Last- ry

Notice how the parental gamete on the right comes out with all the same alleles.

On a punnett square you can acutally skip the step of making all those ry alleles, you only need to keep one.

RrYy x rryy

	RY	Ry	rY	ry
ry	RrYy	Rryy	rrYy	rryy
ry	RrYy	Rryy	rrYy	rryy
ry	RrYy	Rryy	rrYy	rryy
ry	RrYy	Rryy	rrYy	rryy

*So instead of having all of 4 columns in your punnett square, you can get ride of the 3 columns on the right because they show the same thing and the Genotypes will all remain the same

Genotype Frequencies:

RrYy: 4 ( 25% )

Rryy: 4 ( 25% )

rrYy: 4 ( 25% )

rryy: 4 ( 25% )

After we took some notes, then Mrs. Stein gave us a coin-flip demonstration. She asked us that if we were to flip one coin 4 times, what is the chance of them all landing on heads. The answer was 1/16. The reason it was 1/16 of a chance and not ½ is because you’re not only flipping the coin once, but 4 times. So you multiply once chance (½) by the number of times you are flipping the coin. So that would be - ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/16.

Then she asked us another question involving one member of the audience. She asked if anyone had 4 siblings including themselves with the same gender, and she chose Alecko and he’s one of the four boys in his family. Mrs. Stein asked what the chance would be if Alecko’s mom had another son. Now this time the answer was ½ because she only asked about the one new child. And it’s common sense to know that there are only 2 genders a baby can be.

After we were all done with that we had a few minutes to do our homework (UP 33-35).

And then the bell rang.

Our next scribe is Lucija.

Dihybrid Crosses

Here We Go

AGENDA:
1) Take out stampsheet with UP 29-31
2) Review meiosis/Mendel
3) Face lab on UP 23-28

HOMEWORK:
1) Finish UP 23-28
2) Read section 11.2

Meiosis Review:
Gametes- Sex cells

• Males: Sperm
• Females: Eggs

Diploid (2N)- Two sets of chromosomes

Haploid (N)- One set of chromosomes

Zygote- A fertilized egg

Note- Gametes are haploid (N) and fertilization restores the diploid state (2N)

Meiosis is the process to make haploid gametes and the chromosome number is cut in half. This process takes place in the ovaries and testes and there are two cell divisions (look for photo below). Meiosis increases genetic variation which leads to the formation of many different gametes.

CELLS THAT UNDERGO MEISOS ALSO UNDERGO MITOSIS, NOT JUST MEIOSIS.

Genetics and Such:

Alleles: The letter which is either dominant or recessive

Heterozygous: Two different alleles

Homozygous: Two identical alleles

Genotype: The alleles (i.e., TT)

Phenotype: The outward, physical part (i.e., tall)

Punnett square can help determine the ratio of offsprings. You cross genotypes on the punnett squares.

The genotypes for this punnett square are Rr x Rr

The genotypes for the offspring would be 25% RR; 50% Rr; 25% rr

The next scribe is Josh